Wahi a EPA (ka Environmental Protection Agency ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa) ʻo Activated Carbon wale nō ka ʻenehana kānana i ʻōlelo ʻia e wehe
- nā mea haumia organik 32 a pau i ʻike ʻia me nā THM (nā huahana ʻaoʻao mai ka chlorine).
- nā pesticides āpau he 14 i helu ʻia (e komo pū ana kēia me nā nitrates a me nā pesticides e like me ka glyphosate i kapa ʻia hoʻi he roundup)
- nā herbicides 12 i maʻamau ʻia.
ʻO kēia nā mea haumia a me nā kemika ʻē aʻe a nā kānana lanahu e wehe ai.
Klorine (Cl)
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka wai piula wai lehulehu ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ua hoʻoponopono nui ʻia, hoʻāʻo ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia no ka inu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i mea e palekana ai, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka chlorine i hiki ai ke hoʻolilo i ka ʻono a me ke ʻala ʻino. He maikaʻi loa nā kānana kalapona hoʻāla i ka wehe ʻana i ka chlorine a me nā ʻono a me nā ʻala maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana. Hiki i nā kānana kalapona hoʻāla kiʻekiʻe ke wehe95% a ʻoi aku paha o ka chlorine manuahi.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia, e heluhelu e pili anachlorine holoʻokoʻa a me ka chlorine manuahi.
ʻAʻole pono e huikau ʻia ka Chlorine me ka Chloride ʻo ia ka mineral i hui pū ʻia e ka sodium a me ka calcium. Hiki ke hoʻonui iki ʻia ka Chloride ke kānana ʻia ka wai me ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia.
Nā huahana bi-chlorine
ʻO ka hopohopo maʻamau e pili ana i ka wai paipa, ʻo ia nā huahana ʻaoʻao (VOC) mai ka chlorine e like me THM i ʻike ʻia he maʻi kanesa.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia ma mua o nā ʻenehana kānana ʻē aʻe i ka wehe ʻana i kēia mau mea.Wahi a ka EPA, hoʻopau ia i nā huahana chlorine maʻamau he 32. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i ana ʻia i nā hōʻike wai piula wai ʻo ia ka huina o nā THM.
Kolorida (Cl-)
He mineral kūlohelohe ka Chloride e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ke koko kūpono, ke kaomi koko, a me ka pH o nā wai o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka Chloride nui i loko o ka wai e hiki ke hoʻoulu i kahi ʻono paʻakai. He ʻāpana kūlohelohe ka Chloride o ka wai paipa me ka ʻole o nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ke olakino. He ʻāpana ia o ke kaʻina hana chlorination o ka inu ʻana i ka wai mai nā bacteria a me nā virus ʻino. ʻAʻole pono e kānana ʻia a wehe ʻia paha akā ʻo ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia e hōʻemi pinepine i ka chloride ma 50-70%. I nā hihia kūikawā hiki ke hoʻonui maoli ka chloride.
Nā mea pepehi lāʻau make
ʻO nā pesticides he mau mea ia i manaʻo ʻia e kāohi i nā mea ʻino, me nā nāhelehele e pau ana i ka wai honua, nā loko, nā muliwai, nā moana a i kekahi manawa i ka wai paipa me ka nānā ʻole i ka mālama ʻia. Hoʻāʻo ʻia ka Activated Carbon e wehe i nā pesticides 14 maʻamau e komo pū ana me Chlordane, Chlordecone (CLD/Kepone), Glyphosate (Round-up), Heptachlor, a me Lindane. Hoʻokomo pū kēia iā Nitrate (e nānā ma lalo).
Nā lāʻau make lāʻau
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo nā mea pepehi lāʻau, he mau mea ia i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi i nā mea kanu makemake ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kalapona hoʻāla e wehe i 12 o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e komo pū ana me 2,4-D a me Atrazine.
Nitrate (NO32-)
ʻO ka Nitrate kekahi o nā hui koʻikoʻi loa no nā mea kanu. He kumu waiwai nui ia o ka Nitrogen, he mea nui ia no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻohe hopena ʻino i ʻike ʻia o ka Nitrate i nā pākeke ke ʻole he nui loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka Nitrate i loko o ka wai hiki ke hana i ka Methemoglobinemia, a i ʻole ka maʻi "pēpē polū" (Need of oxygen).
ʻO ka nitrate i loko o ka wai paipa e puka nui mai ana mai nā mea hoʻouluulu, nā ʻōnaehana septic, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā manure a i ʻole nā hana hoʻolaha. Hoʻemi pinepine ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia i ka nitrate ma 50-70% ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ke kānana.
PFOS
He kemika synthetic ka PFOS i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka huʻa kinai ahi, ka uhi metala a me nā mea pale ʻōpala. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pau ia i ke kaiapuni a me nā kumu wai inu me kekahi mau hanana nui ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa. Wahi a kahi noiʻi 2002 na ka Environmental Directorate o ka OECD "He paʻa ka PFOS, bioaccumulative a ʻawahia i nā ʻano mammalian." Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Activated Carbon e hoʻohana pono ana i kawehe i ka PFOS e komo pū ana me PFAS, PFOA a me PFNA.
ʻO ka posapahate (PO43-)
He mea nui ka Phosphate, e like me ka nitrate, no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. He mea pale ikaika ka Phosphate i ka pala. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ka nui o ka Phosphate i kekahi mau pilikia olakino no nā kānaka. Hoʻohui pinepine nā ʻōnaehana wai lehulehu (PWS) i nā phosphates i ka wai inu e pale aku i ka leaching o ke kēpau a me ke keleawe mai nā paipu a me nā mea paʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, wehe nā kānana lanahu kiʻekiʻe i 70-90% o nā phosphates.
Litiuma (Li+)
Loaʻa maoli ka Lithium i ka wai inu. ʻOiai aia ma ka helu haʻahaʻa loa, he ʻāpana antidepressant maoli ka Lithium. ʻAʻole ia i hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hiki ke loaʻa ka Lithium i ka wai brine continental, nā wai geothermal, a me nā brine kahua aila-kinoea. Hoʻemi nā kānana lanahu e like me ka TAPP Water i 70-90% o kēia mea.
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hopena i ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me kā lākou metabolites i loko o ka wai hoʻoneoneo. Hōʻike nā ʻike o kēia manawa he mea paʻakikī loa ka hopena ʻana i nā pae haʻahaʻa loa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka wai inu e hopena i nā pilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino kanaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai inu he mau kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā kumu wai i loko o nā effluents mai nā hale hana hana a i ʻole nā hale hana i kāohi pono ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea e pili ana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau generic. Hoʻopau nā kānana poloka kalapona kiʻekiʻe e like me EcoPro i 95% o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā Microplastics
ʻO nā microplastics ka hopena o nā ʻōpala plastik i nā ʻano kumu like ʻole. He paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ka hopena pololei o nā microplastics i ke olakino kanaka no nā kumu like ʻole. Nui nā ʻano plastik like ʻole, a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika like ʻole i loaʻa a ʻaʻole paha. Ke komo mai ka ʻōpala plastik
I loko o nā ala wai, ʻaʻole ia e palaho e like me nā mea kūlohelohe. Akā, ʻo ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā kukuna o ka lā, ka pane ʻana i ka oxygen, a me ka palaho ʻana mai nā mea kino e like me nā nalu a me ke one e hoʻohiolo ai i nā ʻōpala plastik i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka microplastics liʻiliʻi loa i ʻike ʻia ma nā hōʻike lehulehu he 2.6 micron. Hoʻopau kahi poloka kalapona 2 micron e like me EcoPro i nā microplastics āpau i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2-microns.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-27-2022