ʻO ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi, porous a me ka ʻili ākea o ke kalapona hoʻāla ʻia, i hui pū ʻia me nā mana hoʻohihi, hiki i ke kalapona hoʻōla ke hopu a paʻa i nā ʻano mea like ʻole ma luna o kona ʻili.Hiki mai ke kalapona ho'ā i nā 'ano a me nā 'ano like 'ole.Hana ʻia ia ma ka hana ʻana i kahi mea kalapona, ʻo ka lanahu, ka lāʻau, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala niu, ma kahi ʻano wela kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka rotary kiln [5]) i mea e hoʻāla ai i ke kalapona a hana i ke ʻano o ka ʻili porous.
ʻO ka carbon activated kekahi o nā huahana i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana mālama wai.He porous loa ia me kahi ʻāpana ili nui, kahi e lilo ai ia i mea adsorbent kūpono.No ka hui kalapona porous i loaʻa ka mana adsorption kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki ke hana hou.Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea he nui i mea kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka AC.ʻO ka mea maʻamau o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻo ia ka pūpū niu, ka lāʻau, ka lanahu anthracite a me ka peat.
Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o ka carbon activated, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia mea i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa e kūpono ai ia no nā noi kikoʻī.No laila, hāʻawi nā mea hana i kahi ākea o nā huahana kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia.Ma muli o ka noi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pauka, granular, extruded, a i ʻole ke ʻano wai.Hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia, a i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻenehana like ʻole, e like me ka disinfection UV.Hoʻohana maʻamau nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ka carbon activated granular a pauda paha, me ka carbon activated granular (GAC) mai ka lanahu bituminous ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.Ua puka mai ka pūpū niu ma ke ʻano he ʻano maikaʻi loa o ke kalapona hoʻōla no ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana kānana wai.He micro-pores nā kalapona hoʻāla ʻia ma muli o ka pūpū niu.Hoʻohālikelike kēia mau pores liʻiliʻi i ka nui o nā molekole haumia i ka wai inu a no laila ua maikaʻi loa i ka hopu ʻana iā lākou.He kumu waiwai hou ka niu a hiki i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.Ke ulu nui nei lākou a hiki ke mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Loaʻa i ka wai nā mea haumia e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola.ʻO ka wai i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kanaka pono e kaʻawale mai nā mea ola a mai nā ʻano mea kemika e pōʻino ai ke olakino.ʻO ka wai a mākou e inu ai i kēlā me kēia lā, pono ʻole ka pollution.ʻElua ʻano wai inu: ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka wai palekana.He mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o kēia mau ʻano wai inu ʻelua.
Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka wai maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he wai ʻole o nā mea ʻē aʻe inā he ʻino a ʻaʻole paha.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona kūpono, akā, paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai me nā mea hana maʻalahi o kēia manawa.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka wai palekana ka wai i hiki ʻole ke hana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.Loaʻa paha i ka wai palekana kekahi mau mea haumia akā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea haumia i nā pōʻino a i ʻole nā hopena olakino i ke kanaka.Pono nā mea haumia ma kahi ākea kūpono.
No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka chlorination e disinfect i ka wai.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana naʻe, hoʻokomo i nā trihalomethanes (THMs) i loko o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.Hiki i nā THM ke pilikia i ke olakino.ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka wai chlorinated no ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai ma kahi o 80 pakeneka, e like me kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai o ka National Cancer Institute (St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press, 1987).
Ke piʻi nei ka heluna kanaka o ka honua a piʻi aʻe nā koi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai palekana ma mua o ka wā ma mua, he mea hopohopo nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hale mālama wai.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā lako wai i nā hale e nā mea haumia e like me nā kemika a me nā microorganism.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka carbon activated ma ke ʻano he kānana wai no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai inu no nā makahiki he nui.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia i ka wai ma muli o kona hiki ke kiʻekiʻe no ka adsorption o ia mau pūhui, ka hopena mai ko lākou ʻāpana nui a me ka porosity.Loaʻa nā ʻano kalapona i hoʻōla ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nui o ka pore, nā hiʻohiʻona e hana nui i ka adsorption o nā mea haumia i ka wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-26-2022