He aha nā mea a nā kānana kalapona hana e wehe ai a hōʻemi ai?

Nitrate (ʻAʻole₃^2-)

ʻO ka Nitrate kekahi o nā hui koʻikoʻi loa no nā mea kanu. He kumu waiwai nui ia o ka Nitrogen, he mea nui ia no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻohe hopena ʻino i ʻike ʻia o ka Nitrate i nā pākeke ke ʻole he nui loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka Nitrate i loko o ka wai hiki ke hana i ka Methemoglobinemia, a i ʻole ka maʻi "pēpē polū" (Need of oxygen).

ʻO ka nitrate i loko o ka wai paipa e puka nui mai ana mai nā mea hoʻouluulu, nā ʻōnaehana septic, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā manure a i ʻole nā ​​hana hoʻolaha. Hoʻemi pinepine ke kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia i ka nitrate ma 50-70% ma muli o ka maikaʻi o ke kānana.

PFOS

He kemika synthetic ka PFOS i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka huʻa kinai ahi, ka uhi metala a me nā mea pale ʻōpala. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pau ia i ke kaiapuni a me nā kumu wai inu me kekahi mau hanana nui ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa. Wahi a kahi noiʻi 2002 na ka Environmental Directorate o ka OECD "He paʻa ka PFOS, bioaccumulative a ʻawahia i nā ʻano mammalian." Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Activated Carbon e wehe pono i ka PFOS e like me PFAS, PFOA a me PFNA.

ʻO ka posapahate (PO₄^3-)

He mea nui ka Phosphate, e like me ka nitrate, no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. He mea pale ikaika ka Phosphate i ka pala. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ka nui o ka Phosphate i kekahi mau pilikia olakino no nā kānaka. Hoʻohui pinepine nā ʻōnaehana wai lehulehu (PWS) i nā phosphates i ka wai inu e pale aku i ka leaching o ke kēpau a me ke keleawe mai nā paipu a me nā mea paʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, wehe nā kānana lanahu kiʻekiʻe i 70-90% o nā phosphates.

Litiuma (Li)⁺)

Loaʻa maoli ka Lithium i ka wai inu. ʻOiai aia ma ka helu haʻahaʻa loa, he ʻāpana antidepressant maoli ka Lithium. ʻAʻohe ona hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hiki ke loaʻa ka Lithium i ka wai brine continental, nā wai geothermal, a me nā brine kahua aila-kinoea. Hoʻemi nā kānana lanahu e like me ka TAPP Water i 70-90% o kēia mea.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hopena i ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me kā lākou metabolites i loko o ka wai hoʻoneoneo. Hōʻike nā ʻike o kēia manawa he mea paʻakikī loa ka hopena ʻana i nā pae haʻahaʻa loa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka wai inu e hopena i nā pilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino kanaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai inu he mau kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā kumu wai i loko o nā effluents mai nā hale hana hana a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hale hana i kāohi pono ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea e pili ana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau generic. ʻO nā kānana poloka kalapona kiʻekiʻe e like me ka wehe ʻana i 95% o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā Microplastics

ʻO nā microplastics ka hopena o nā ʻōpala plastik i nā ʻano kumu like ʻole. He paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ka hopena pololei o nā microplastics i ke olakino kanaka no nā kumu like ʻole. Nui nā ʻano plastik like ʻole, a me nā mea hoʻohui kemika like ʻole i loaʻa a ʻaʻole paha. Ke komo mai ka ʻōpala plastik

I loko o nā ala wai, ʻaʻole ia e palaho e like me nā mea kūlohelohe. Akā, ʻo ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā kukuna o ka lā, ka pane ʻana i ka oxygen, a me ka palaho ʻana mai nā mea kino e like me nā nalu a me ke one e hoʻohiolo ai i nā ʻōpala plastik i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka microplastics liʻiliʻi loa i ʻike ʻia ma nā hōʻike lehulehu he 2.6 micron. ʻO kahi poloka kalapona 2 micron e like me ia e wehe i nā microplastics āpau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2-microns.

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